Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
A sensation that food gets stuck in the chest or throat. Causes range from reflux-related strictures and motility disorders (achalasia) to growths in the food pipe. Persistent dysphagia is never normal.
- Food or liquids regurgitate back
- Weight loss without trying
- Chest pain on swallowing
Treatment offered: Endoscopy with biopsy, manometry where needed, and definitive surgery — laparoscopic Heller's myotomy for achalasia, fundoplication for reflux strictures, or oncologic resection if a tumour is found.



